Perspektiven der forensischen Psychiatrie: Eine psychiatriehistorische und aktuelle Bestandsaufnahme

Zusammenfassung: Der Beitrag stellt die wesentlichen Entwicklungslinien der forensischen Psychiatrie dar. Dabei hat die wissenschaftshistorische Betrachtungsweise vor allem den Zweck, der aktuellen Diskussion um Gegenstandsbereich und Methodik des Faches einen konzeptuellen Rahmen zu geben und damit den häufig anzutreffenden Verkürzungen und Vereinfachungen entgegen zu arbeiten. Grundgedanke ist, dass die forensische Psychiatrie nur zusammen mit dem Gesamtfach und dessen historischer Entwicklung angemessen erfasst werden kann. Die jüngst viel diskutierten, von manchen als bedrohlich erlebten neurobiologischen und neurophilosophischen Konzepte zum Leib-Seele-Problem im Allgemeinen und zur Genese seelischer Störungen im Besonderen werden erörtert. Sie werden zu einer Neubesinnung auf grundsätzliche Fragen innerhalb der Psychiatrie und ihrer forensischen Anwendung führe

Psychische Störungen: erklären, verstehen oder beschreiben? Historische und aktuelle Perspektiven einer psychopathologischen Kernfrage

Psychiatry has always been characterised by highly heterogeneous theoretical concepts regarding the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders, but also concerning the appropriate scientific methods to be applied. A central issue is the question whether mental phenomena should preferably be explained (as in natural sciences), understood or interpreted (as in «Geisteswissenschaften») or described (with as few theoretical presuppositions as possible). This paper illustrates the main historical and actual arguments in this debate. The first conclusion is that no clear separation line exists between these three methods and that such a separation is not at all necessary for clinical or research purposes. What is needed, however, is a balanced combination of approaches, depending on the clinical or scientific questions to be answered. The second conclusion suggests a future strengthening of the role of psychopathology, a scientific field that clearly reaches beyond the reliable description of symptoms

Estimation of Production Functions on Fishery: A Danish Survey

The fishing fleet and the component parts of effort and production can be de-scribed and analysed in different ways. As an example, the fishing fleet can be described using a list of different production function specifications. These pro-duction functions will in this paper be estimated using data for the Danish North Sea human consumption demersal trawl fishery. Some statistical prob-lems including multicollinearity are discussed and possible solutions and inter-pretations are put forward.Danish North Sea human consumption demersal trawl fishery, pro-duction function, multicollinearity

TGF-β signaling links E-cadherin loss to suppression of nucleotide excision repair.

E-cadherin is a cell adhesion molecule best known for its function in suppressing tumor progression and metastasis. Here we show that E-cadherin promotes nucleotide excision repair through positively regulating the expression of xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) and DNA damage-binding protein 1 (DDB1). Loss of E-cadherin activates the E2F4 and p130/107 transcription repressor complexes to suppress the transcription of both XPC and DDB1 through activating the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway. Adding XPC or DDB1, or inhibiting the TGF-β pathway, increases the repair of ultraviolet (UV)-induced DNA damage in E-cadherin-inhibited cells. In the mouse skin and skin tumors, UVB radiation downregulates E-cadherin. In sun-associated premalignant and malignant skin neoplasia, E-cadherin is downregulated in association with reduced XPC and DDB1 levels. These findings demonstrate a crucial role of E-cadherin in efficient DNA repair of UV-induced DNA damage, identify a new link between epithelial adhesion and DNA repair and suggest a mechanistic link of early E-cadherin loss in tumor initiation

Quasi-homologous spherically symmetric branes and their symmetry breaking

We revisit the dynamical system based approach of spherically symmetric vacuum braneworlds, pointing out and studying the existence of a transcritical bifurcation as the dark pressure parameter changes its sign, we analyze some consequences of not discard the brane cosmological constant. For instance, it is noteworthy that the existence of an isothermal state equation between the dark fluid parameters cannot be obtained via the requirement of a quasi-homologous symmetry of the vacuum.Comment: 20 pages, 12 figures. To appear in EPJ

Solution for a local straight cosmic string in the braneworld gravity

In this work we deal with the spacetime shaped by a straight cosmic string, emerging from local gauge theories, in the braneworld gravity context. We search for physical consequences of string features due to the modified gravitational scenario encoded in the projected gravitational equations. It is shown that cosmic strings in braneworld gravity may present significant differences when compared to the general relativity predictions since its linear density is modified and the deficit angle produced by the cosmic string is attenuated. Furthermore, the existence of cosmic strings in that scenario requires a strong restriction to the braneworld tension: $\lambda \geq 3 \times 10^{-17}$, in Planck units.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

Erkennen in der Psychopathologie: Reflexionen zu Epistemologie und Überlegungen zum Gewinn von praxisrelevantem Wissen

The epistemic processes leading to a practically viable “knowledge” in psychopathology are traced back from the transcendental-philosophical premises and antecedents through various epistemic steps to the empirical recognition and systematisation into a scientific theory. Psychopathology should serve empirical procedures in diagnostics, epidemiology, etiological conditions. However, it should also produce viable advices for the interpersonal therapeutic transaction. This is illustrated by an example of a catatonic syndrome